Initial implementation. 40km grid, 151 x 113 grid points, 40 vertical isentropic/sigma hybrid levels, new surface fixed fields (topography, land use, climo SST). PRMCMP, TRNCMP, HYBNMC, HYBING, HYBHQC, HYBANL, HYBCST.
SMS version of HYBCST used for model, with appropriate changes for 40km to each of the three SMS hybcst-related programs: hybcst_pre, hybcst, and hybcst_post.
NetCDF used for all grid i/o (with software designed so that GRIB or another format could be substituted at a later date).
AVN model data used for boundary conditions until Eta data available at later date.
Water vapor mixing ratio replaces condensation pressure as stored water vapor variable in all components of MAPS.
Bugs corrected in HYBHQC.
Addition of HYBINT for 40-km version to produce isobaric grids, special-level grids (freezing, maximum wind), and mean-layer grids (boundary layer).
Direct incorporation of surface observations along with upper-level observations in HYBING, HYBHQC, and HYBANL. Colorado mesonet data included.
HYBING - Modification of buoy data to use bogus moisture so that temperatures and winds will actually get used.
HYBANL, HYBHQC - Extrapolation of surface obs to model terrain modified so that all wind and surface pressure obs are used, regardless of pressure distance between ob and model terrain. Temperature and dew-point observations now used in analysis with pressure separation of no more than 50 mb (increased from 30 mb in 60km version). With this change (exsfcobs.f) and 40km higher resolution terrain, most surface data (almost 95% of temp/td, 100% of wind/pressure) is now used in the 40km version.
HYBINT - Added diagnosis of potential vorticity for isobaric levels. Added diagnosis of surface fields (MAPS SLP, potential temperature, winds, dew-point temp, altimeter setting, 3-h pressure change) using mini-topography (minimum topography from 10km data set within each 40km box).
HYBNMC - Removal of sub-zero interpolation problem for relative humidity. Resulted in part from coarse (2.5 x 5 deg) AVN data.
HYBING - RASS virtual temperature data included. About 6 stations, including Vandenberg AFB, Platteville, CO, and stations in KS/OK profiler network.
HYBANL - Decreased observation errors for surface winds and RASS temperatures (previously set at unrealistically high values). Also decreased observation errors for rawinsonde moisture, surface moisture, and surface pressure, and profiler winds (also too high previously). The net effect of these changes is to cause the analysis to draw more closely for these data. Added univariate wind analysis update for lowest 5 levels.
HYBCST - Modifications to mixing processes (subroutine MELLYA). Changed to smooth flux Richardson numbers in time and other changes to largely eliminate oscillations in surface temperatures and other surface fields. This had been happening to some extent in stable conditions with moderate wind speed.
HYBHQC - Relinked with lower observation errors. Improves quality control, including for bad surface pressure obs which had sometimes been not caught.
HYBHQC - Fixed problem with extrapolated surface obs being written out to MAPS observation files if some value at that station had been flagged. Now, the raw, unextrapolated observation is kept, since it is re-extrapolated in HYBANL. This eliminates other surface pressure bullseye situations.
HYBANL - Changed condensation pressure analysis to isotropic univariate, instead of elliptical univariate, which had been causing ill-conditioned matrices in some situations. The condensation pressure analysis (in all 60-km as well as 40-km versions) had assumed an elliptical error covariance field previously. Also, improved determination of 700mb temp (using variable instead of fixed lapse rate for surface pressure < 700 mb) for MAPS SLP calculation. This change allows the lapse rate used for the reduction to vary between dry adiabatic and standard, as is done in HYBINT. The lapse rate used is that between the 1st and 5th levels, constrained as described above. This improves the MAPS SLP field in the vicinity of high terrain.
HYBCST - hybcst_post - Similar to 20 Feb change in HYBANL, improved determination of 700mb temp (using variable instead of fixed lapse rate for surface pressure < 700 mb) for MAPS SLP calculation. This improves the MAPS SLP field in the vicinity of high terrain.
HYBANL, HYBHQC, HYBING - frstgues.f. Corrected computation of condensation pressure from pressure, virtual temperature, and mixing ratio (another mistaken use of temperature instead of virtual temperature). This corrects a drying bias that was being repeatedly applied in each update time in the assimilation cycle.
HYBANL - thvpc2tq.f, hybanl.f. Corrected computation of relative humidity from pressure, virtual temperature, and condensation pressure. RH should be e/es * p/pc, instead of previous e/es *(p-e)/(pc-es). This corrects another drying bias that was being repeatedly applied in each update time in the assimilation cycle. In addition, specific humidity was being written out instead of mixing ratio. This, also, was corrected.
HYBANL - hybanl.f, procob.f, srchsect.f, srchobs.f. Implemented a look-up table specifying level of actual observation for all single-level obs. This change gives identical results, but reduces run time by 15-50%.
HYBANL - uv.f, hybanl.f. Corrected error in uv.f that caused large errors in boundary layer for moisture and winds (using theta instead of pressure in vertical correlation). Also, set so that lowest level analysis is not affected by any vertical interpolation.
Use of generic readg.f and writeg.f routines. These routines can be linked to either NetCDF or GRIB libraries. HYBNMC, HYBING, HYBHQC, HYBANL, HYBCST (hybcst_pre, hybcst_post). HYBINT was already using these routines.
HYBING - getboy.f. Changed to use actual elevations for buoys in the Great Lakes instead of sea level in the 0000 UTC run.
HYBING - pirepin.f, readacars.f. Changed to read new netcdf ACARS files and pass pirepin the correct units. Subroutine CONVRT no longer needed in pirepin, location check done directly in pirepin, as are checks for flagged temps, wind speeds and directions.
HYBCST - cup.f, cuparth.f. Changed to new Grell cumulus parameterization scheme (same as MM5 Version 2). Areas of sub-grid-scale precipitation are more coherent and less noisy than in previous Grell scheme.
HYBANL - init.f. Decreased scale of horizontal correlation of forecast error for height at lowest levels. This is consistent with recent changes in reducing observation error for surface pressure. Both changes together result in closer fit to surface observations. The first without the second gave the risk of occasional bullseyes in surface pressure, so this problem is now fixed.
HYBCST - first tests of soil/vegetation model begin.
HYBCST - Forward/backward initialization started.
HYBING - Correction to relative humidity calculation from condensation pressure, similar to 28 Feb 96 change.
HYBING, HYBHQC, HYBANL - Capability for cycling of soil temperature and moisture and canopy water added.
HYBCST - Cycling of soil temperature/moisture and canopy water begun. Also, convective adjustment reinstated.
HYBCST - Cycling of soil temperature/moisture and canopy Smoothing of Richardson number removed. Vegetation type look-up table changed to remove tropical forest in all locations except over Cuba and Yucatan. Other isolated points (causing noise) with large roughness length also were changed to different vegetation type.
HYBNMC, HYBANL, HYBCST, HYBINT - Determination of I4TIME for NetCDF files corrected.
vegtype_40km.dat - More deforestation required for to avoid 2 dx variations for tropical forest. corrected.
HYBCST_PRE, soilvegin.f - Roughness length for tree vegetation type class reduced to 70-80 cm.
HYBCST, nconv.f - Relaxed limit on latent heat release for non-convective precipitation by factor of 10 from 0.1% of current water vapor mixing ratio to 1.0% per IDIAFR time step.
HYBCST, hybcstdv.f - Changed frequency for physics from every 5 to every 4 time steps.
HYBCST, simila.f - Set an upper limit on stability functions (PSIM, PSIH) in free convection to avoid negative u* with very large roughness length. hybcst.f - Changed frequency for physics back to 5 time steps.
HYBCST_PRE, soilvegin.f - Roughness length restored to original values for tree vegetation.
vegtype_40km.dat - Tropical forest restored to original values now that free convection problems have been solved. Environmentalists around the world cheer wildly.
HYBCST_PRE, inithybv_pre.f - Started continuous cycling again for soil temperature and moisture, now that PBL is behaving stably.
HYBCST, nconv.f - Effectively removed any limit in latent heat release (set to 10% of water vapor mixing ratio).
HYBING, get surface data routines - Changed to pass station pressure for all surface data, including buoy data. Bulleyes from Great Lakes buoys eliminated by this fix. Other smaller bugs also fixed.
HYBCST, nconv.f - Set latent heat limit back to 1% of water vapor change in any time step (reversal of 30 April change).
HYBCST_PRE, inithybv_pre.f,getsnow.f - Read in daily U.S. Air Force snow/ice analysis and set land/ocean surface parameters accordingly.
HYBCST_PRE, inithybv_pre.f,getsnow.f - Corrections to use of snow/ice analysis and setting land/ocean surface parameters.
HYBCST - panpbl.f, mellya.f, hybcst.f - Smoothing bulk Richardson number to avoid problems with quilt-like surface temperature patters forming under stable conditions (nighttime, esp.) with moderate wind speed.
HYBCST_POST, HYBINT, HYBANL - Added output of additional fields for surface and hydrology budget studies associated with the GCIP program. There are 42 fields output for the surface, and 15 upper-level fields. These fields are being written in GRIB format.
HYBCST_PRE, inithybv_pre.f; HYBCST, inithybv.f - Pass monthly albedo, with modifications due to daily snow cover, into model forecast.
HYBCST_PRE, inithybv_pre.f - Start to use Great Lakes daily lake surface temperature data, as provided by Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory.
HYBCST, panpbl1.f - Changed horizontal averaging of flux Richardson number to lowest 15 levels.
mellya1.f - Added time averaging of flux Richardson number.
Relinking also caused mid- and upper-level clouds to work again, after not being present for about 1 week.
HYBING, readexpf.f readexrs.f - Start to use boundary-layer (915 MHz) wind profiler and RASS temperature data.
HYBANL, frstgues.f - Added additional read loop for soil temperature/moisture background data. Now, even if MAPS must cold-start using AVN or ETA data, HYBANL will read back through 3-h forecasts (up to 6 days, at 3-h frequency) to find assimilated soil moisture/temp data. This is done since the assimilated soil fields, even if a few days old, are far superior to those from climatology.
HYBCST, sfcrad.f - Changed emitting level for back longwave radiation incident surface from level 6 to level 9. Back LW was too high.
HYBCST, sfcrad.f - Changed upper-level cloud to start at 75% instead of at 60%. Was producing too much upper-level cloud, in part because non-convective precip is with respect to water saturation at all levels (in the current scheme). Also, added thickness diffusion at top 4 levels to enhance upper-level sponge.
HYBCST, mellya1.f - Removed time averaging of Richardson number. This removes a significant error in upper-level wind and temperature forecasts.
HYBANL, HYBCST_POST, capcin.f - Changed calculation of convective available potential energy and convective inhibition to use averaged temperature and moisture over lowest 5 levels.
HYBNMC - 1st pass corrected to run at +4h15min rather than +4h 15 min. This fixes the 3-h cycle dropouts at 0300 and 1500 UTC.
HYBCST, hybcst.f, lwrad.f, swrad.f, sfcrad.f, RADIAT - Added MM5 longwave/shortwave atmospheric radiation scheme. It is called every 30 minutes. Cloud water mixing ratio is temporarily diagnosed from relative humidity (pending implementation of MM5 microphysics). Radiative temperature tendencies are now calculated at every level; before, radiative effects were only included in the surface energy budget.
HYBANL, HYBCST_POST, capcin.f - Corrections to routine that calculates convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective inhibition (CIN). Corrected virtual temperature error. New version gives somewhat lower (and more accurate) amounts.
HYBCST_POST, makefile - Correction to routines linked to. CAPE/CIN calculation is now corrected for forecasts.
HYBING (sfcin.f, spechum.f, use new tv2tq.f), HYBHQC (frstgues.f), HYBANL (frstgues.f), HYBINT (use new tv2tq.f) - fixes to moisture transformations.
HYBCST (hybcst.f) - Change radiation frequency to every 60 min.
HYBING (sfcin.f) - Another moisture transformation bug corrected.
HYBANL, HYBCST_POST (capcin.f) - Fix to virtual temp calc.
HYBNMC (hybnmc.f, geteta.f) - Started using Eta 48-km data interpolated to AWIPS 80km grid for boundary conditions. Also uses Eta surface wind data at lowest level.
HYBING (sfcin.f) - Changed over to METARs from SAOs.
HYBCST (simila1.f,panpbl1.f) - Determines top of boundary layer at all grid points and does horizontal smoothing of Richardson number up to maximum PBL top level only.
HYBINT (hybint.f) - Corrected diagnosis of surface temperature and dewpoint fields.
HYBING (profin.f, getvad.f, readvad.f) - Added VAD (velocity-azimuth display) wind profiles from National Weather Service WSR-88D radars. There are currently about 75-80 radars.
HYBANL (hybanl.f), HYBINT (hybint.f), HYBCST_POST (mapsout_post.f), dbgrib.f, most scripts - Began writing out all grids in GRIB-encoded format. Also made fix to correct writing out of isobaric vertical velocity.
HYBING (getvad.f, readacars.f, raobin.f) - Corrections to VAD ingest (allow for more stations), ACARS ingest (use full UPS data stream including ascent format with interpolated lat/lon positions), raob ingest (correct calculation of mixing ratio and condensation pressure).
HYBING (readacars.f, gtpirp.f, pirepin.f) - Resume collecting carrier statistics for ACARS data.
PRSETA - replaces PRSAVN. Start using Eta (48km interpolated to 80km AWIPS grid interpolated back to 40km grid) for isobaric data and for verification.
PRSETA (prseta.f) - Write out RH instead of RH*.
HYBANL (hybanl.f, uv.f, uvth.f, setofeqs.f) - Various analysis fixes, mostly to do with vertical correlation. Vertical correlation for condensation pressure, potential temperature, and winds near ground tightened (smaller correlation for given vertical distance). Interobservation vertical correlation corrected for univariate analyses. Background error increased for temperature and winds at mid levels and for condensation pressure at all levels.
PRSING (60-km version, which creates obs file used by 40-km PRSVER (fvlev.f)) - No more extrapolating temperatures below surface. This was affecting verification of 850 mb temperatures.
HYBING (40km_upperair_run) changed to get qc'd acars from the Facility Division's netcdf files.
HYBING (readvad.f, getvad.f) - Sort VAD winds by time, only take observation files in window from 1 hour before to 1.5 hrs after, and only take actual observations (one per station) starting at 30 minutes after the hour up to 30 minutes before the hour.
HYBNMC, PRSETA (hybnmc.f, prseta.f) - Took out wind rotation code. Not needed now that both MAPS and NCEP grids are on the CONUS 211 projection and since NCEP grids are already grid-relative.
Effect on output - This change had the largest change on overall accuracy of 40-km MAPS forecasts of any made so far.
HYBANL (uvth.f) - Corrected bug in univariate analysis regarding calculation of observation-grid point correlation. Result is closer fitting of moisture observations and winds near surface. needed now that both MAPS and NMC grids are on the CONUS 211 projection.
HYBCST - Changed to use mpi version of the Scalable Modeling System (SMS) code.
HYBHQC (procogqc.f,exhzcnup.f) - Changed observation type look-up table so that profilers (including 915 MHz and VADs) can use each other for QC. Previously, this was not so, resulting in very little QC for most profiler data.
HYBING (readacars.f,gtpirp.f,pirepin.f) - Fixed tail number in ingest. Now can use reject list properly and buddy check (which is set to not use reports from the same tail number for checking a given observation).
HYBCST (hybcst.f,hybcstdv.f) - Changed definition of hybrid coordinate so that sigma levels are forced to flatten out by the 500 hPa level, rather than 600 hPa as previously. (Parameters now set in oafcprms.f to control this definition, rather than locally defined as previously.) This reduces the variation in layer thickness, especially over high terrain, going from sigma levels to isentropic levels. Also, time step reduced to 50 s in initialization only (still 60 s in main model run). Output frequency changed to specified output times, now with output at 1,2,3,6,9,12 hours. hybcstin.dat file changed for specify these modifications.
HYBCST_PRE {hybcstdv_pre.f) - Changed to read in new hybcstin.dat file.
HYBCST_POST {hybcstdv_post.f) - Changed to read in new hybcstin.dat file.
HYBANL (hybanl.f) - Changed to new hybrid definition (see HYBCST change description for this time.)
HYBNMC (hybnmc.f) - Changed to new hybrid coordinate definition. Also, corrected CUSHN function so that it agrees with that in HYBANL and HYBCST.
Soil moisture and temperature. Reconstituted these fields to partially compensate for losing continuous cycle in late September. As of this time, the new fields are the 17 Sept soil moisture, combined with 1 Nov soil temperature except for replacing the lowest level (1.5 m) with a climatological mean field.
HYBCST (param.f,metcon.f,paramx.f,swrad.f,pemant.f) - Modified solar constant so that it is not constant anymore but varies over year (by about 7%) according to earth-sun distance. Used code from John Augustine, Surface Radiation Research Branch, Air Resources Laboratory.
HYBCST (oafcprms.f) - Changed RH value for saturation from 95% to 100% to be consistent with surface fluxes over water.
Introduced HYBPOST (hybcstdv_post.f, mapsout_post.f, hybint.f). This program combines the previous HYBCST_POST and HYBINT, taking advantage of the fact that the model output fields are already available in the post processing to also do the interpolation. This program runs once for each model output time.
Introduced HYBFRONT, (hybfront.f, ingdrv.f,rdpztd.f,hybhqc.f, hybanl.f,init.f,hybint.f) and changed frstgues.f to read the file SOILSAVE if a first guess for the soil temperature and moisture is not found. HYBFRONT is a combined data ingest, quality control, analysis and grid interpolation routine. This should result in slightly faster runs, since first guess grids and observations are only read in once, and then passed between routines. The analysis now calls the quality control, and passes common parameters so only one routine needs to be changed to update such things as correlation coefficients. Redundant operations done previously in both the analysis and observation quality control were also eliminated from one or the other. This was done with minimal impact on the structure of the system, and is nearly identical to the old version in most of the code. The analysis grid is also passed into the interpolation grid routine (hybint) directly from the analysis subroutine.
rejctlst.dat - Updated aircraft tail number reject list based on recent statistics from Bill Moninger's automatic mail message.
HYBFRONT (getvad.f, hybint.f) getvad.f was changed to only pass winds that have the "A" qualifier (confidence of 1.03 m/s). Previously we passed winds of "A" and "B" quality (B confidence of 2.06 m/s), however statistics over 3 months showed degradation of forecasts using B winds (birds?). A minor fix was made to hybint.f to write out a grib file to MAPSG_SPEC.
Effect on output - could sometimes be significant in lower tropospheric wind fields
HYBCST (mapsout.f) - Changed to zero out precipitation amounts only on 3-h output times. This may be modified for hourly output in the near future.
Effect on output - slight, only in precip accumulation
HYBCST (soil123.f) - Corrected a fairly significant error over snow cover. Previously, the ground temperature was forced to be at least 0 deg C, rather than no more than 0 deg C. This gave a significant warm bias over snow covered regions, and also gave too strong surface winds because of too much vertical mixing. The warm bias will still be apparent for a few days in these areas, due to the too warm soil temperatures.
Effect on output - significant
HYBNMC (hnmcdr.f, hybnmc.f, cushn.f) - Set up to process Eta forecasts out to 48 h. Also, changed to use included statement function cushn.f.
Effect on output - none
HYBFRONT (hybanl.f) - Changed to use included statement function cushn.f. Changed so that ground temperature field update from surface temperature analysis increment now occurs only at land points, as defined by LANDUSE file.
Effect on output - none on forecasts; analyzed ground temperature is overwritten in forecast model anyway.
HYBCST_PRE (gtnmctim.f, getbc.f, inithybv_pre.f, parame.f, oafcprms.f, check_input.f), HYBCST (hybcst.f, inithybv.f, parame.f) - Changed to allow for boundary-condition segments of variable length (e.g., updates from the Eta model every 3 h instead of every 6 h). Improved accounting for missing boundary condition files. Also now allows for any duration of forecast.
Effect on output - none unless there are missing boundary conditions. In some such cases, the nudging targets are now set more accurately.
HYBFRONT (gtpirp.f,readacars.f) - Added check to ACARS data ingest to screen out aircraft with a roll angle greater than 5 degrees.
Effect on output - slight improvement in accuracy of winds.
HYBFRONT (uvth.f,init.f) - Changes for vertical correlation, decreasing in both cases. Decrease vertical correlation in pressure space for theta-v analysis, and changed vertical correlation table based on potential temperature separation for all other variables.
Effect on output - closer fit to rawinsonde observations, slight decrease in analysis noise.
HYBFRONT (pirepin.f) - Corrected bug that had resulted in aircraft tail number reject list not being used. Also set so that any aircraft reports with zero wind speed will not be used. These reports are almost always erroneous.
rejctlst.dat - Updated again.
Effect on output - Eliminates chance of using bad aircraft observations.
crontab - Adjusted time of runs at times other than 0000 or 1200 UTC to be at 52 min after analysis time, rather than 1 h 22 min as previous.
Effect on output - For now, the last hour of ACARS data is not available to the earlier run, reducing the amount of ACARS reports by about one-third.
HYBCST (simila2.f) - Eliminated 1.0 m/s limit on u*.
Effect on output - Significant - corrects overforecast of surface wind speed and eliminates crashes in some strong mountain wave events.
HYBFRONT, HYBPOST (hybint.f, hybanl.f, mapsout_post.f) - Added MAPS sea level pressure to hybint call. This variable is already calculated in hybanl.f and mapsout_post.f, but should also be written in in the sfc grid file.
Effect on output - Almost none - MAPS SLP had been missing in the surface files since the introduction of HYBFRONT and HYBPOST. This omission is now corrected.
HYBCST_PRE (inithybv_pre.f) - Changed threshold for assignment of snow cover from 2.5 cm to 6 cm snow depth. The area of 2.5 cm depth from the USAF snow analysis appears to be exaggerated.
Effect on output - Corrects a cold bias at the surface in regions showing about a 1 inch snow depth from the snow analysis.
HYBPOST (hybcstdv_post.f, soilvegin.f) - Added call of soilvegin.f back in to allow correct calculation of vertically integrated soil moisture and maximum potential integrated soil moisture fields.
Effect on output - Corrects integrated and maximum integrated soil moisture fields.
40km_upperair_run script - Repointed aircraft data directory (PIREPDAT) to location that outputs partial data files for a given hour with the correct name, allowing its use.
Effect on output - The ACARS data volume for the 3-h window is now nearly complete again, corrected most of the data loss that occurred on 25 Nov 96 when many of the runs were moved up by 30 min.
HYBCST (hybcstdv.f, optfil.f) - Implemented optimal filter (Huang and Lynch, 1993, Monthly Weather Review) in digital filter initialization for adiabatic forward/backward technique. The weights applied to each time step are prescribed now with this optimal filter.
Effect on output - 0.3-0.5 mb/hr reduction in mean absolute sfc pressure change with new optimal filter, meaning quieter forecasts in the first few hours.
HYBCST (sfcrad.f) - Reduced computed cloud fraction using RH-based function. Previously, cloud fraction increased from 0-100% over the RH range 82.5-95%. Now, the RH range is 87.5-100%.
Effect on output - Reduces cloud fraction slightly at all levels. Slightly more heating in day, more cooling at night, increases diurnal contrast in some areas slightly.
HYBCST (swrad.f, lwrad.f) - Corrected errors regarding devirtualization of temperature in both radiation routines. There had been a vertical index error such that the top level temperature was being devirtualized with the bottom level water vapor mixing ratio with the same reversal applicable to all levels.
Effect on output - Improves radiation tendencies slightly.
HYBCST (cup.f,hybcstdv.f) - Corrected calculation of cloud top. Previously, looked from top down until a level with positive buoyancy was found. Now, set to look from level of free convection upward until a level with negative buoyance is found. Now, capping effect works properly. Also set minimum cloud depth to 1000 m instead of 100 mb. hybcstdv.f change - time check - should be no effect.
Effect on output - Eliminates areas of erroneous light precipitation especially over ocean areas.
HYBCST (hybcstdv.f) - Further tweak to time check change so that precipitation is not zeroed out for last output time.
Effect on output - Gives proper precipitation at last output time.
HYBCST_PRE (inithybv_pre.f) - Fixed so that ice temperature is set to air temperature at initial time and held constant through model run. Previously, ice temperature was not allowed to go below 0 deg C.
Effect on output - Eliminates warm spots over ice covered areas, currently part of Hudson's Bay, Lake Winnepeg, Winnepegosis, and Manitoba, and Reindeer Lake in Saskatchewan.
Final 40 km version prior to integration of new microphysics package.
Microphysics from NCAR/Penn State MM5 model includes explicit forecasts of mixing ratios of cloud water, rain water, snow, ice, and graupel, and also a forecast of the number concentration of ice particles. Reference: Reisner, Rasmussen, and Bruintjes (1997, Quart. J. Royal. Meteor. Soc.)
The MAPS version of this routine includes use of the hybrid isentropic/sigma coordinate and changes determined by John Brown. Also, rather than force the model to recreate cloud fields at the beginning of each model run, the cloud fields in MAPS are "cycled", meaning that the forecast fields for all 6 cloud variables valid at the analysis time are used as initial conditions for the next model run. These fields are already in microphysical balance with respect to the model, which allows the precipitation and cloud forecasts from MAPS to avoid spin-up problems in the first few hours.
HYBFRONT (mapscon.f, hybanl.f, frstgues.f, hybfront.f, rdpztd.f) - Read in 6 cloud variables, along with other fields in forecast background. Pass these through HYBFRONT to serve as an initial cloud analysis for the next forecast.
HYBCST_PRE (getbc.f, hybcstdv_pre.f, inithybv_pre.f, modelin.f, point3d.f) - Read in 6 cloud variables and pass through to HYBCST in NNT/SMS format.
HYBCST (changtq.f, cuparth.f, exmoisg.f, paramr.f, hybcst.f, inithybv.f, gamma.f, mapsout.f, outqve.f, outqvet.f, outqvom.f, simila2.f, dcmpsu_h.f, metcon.f, parame.f, pmoist.f, point2d.f, point3d.f, pointbc.f, paramx.f, pmicrph.f, hybcstdv.f, linkrm.scr, linkInclude.scr, makefile) - Call mixed phase cloud microphysics every 10 time steps, horizontal and vertical advection of 6 cloud variables, corrections to thermodynamic transformations, add all diabatic physics tendencies at physics time steps now rather than distributing over interim time steps.
HYBPOST (hybcstdv_post.f, mapsout_post.f, hybint.f) - Write out 6 cloud variables.
Effect on output - Very significant overall. Precipitation forecasts appear to be improved, bias in relative humidity forecasts is greatly reduced.
HYBCST_PRE (inithybv.f) - Fixed cycling of surface ground temperatures.
HYBCST (lwrad.f, swrad.f, panpbl2.f) - Fixed minor virtualization/ devirtualization errors.
Effect on output - Improved ground and surface air temperature forecasts.
HYBCST (mapsout.f) - Fixed to write out precipitation accumulations up to 3 h regardless of output frequency.
HYBFRONT (frstgues.f, hybanl.f)
HYBCST_PRE (modelin.f)
HYBPOST (mapsout.f) - Read/write out water vapor mixing ratio in g/g (rather than previous g/kg), same as other moisture/cloud mixing ratios.
HYBNMC (hybnmc.f) - same as above, but updated at 0600 UTC 6 January 1997
Effect on output - as described above - minor
HYBCST (hybcst.f) - Fixed bug in absorbing "sponge" at top of model.
Effect on output - Significant reduction in noise at stratospheric levels in model. Among other things, tropopause pressure diagnosed from potential vorticity is now somewhat smoother.
HYBPOST (scripts - post_it, FSL_hybcst.run) - Set up so that crontab job does post-processing on model output at each output time, looking for any new raw output files every 10 min.
HYBCST (hybcst.f, parame.f) - Enhanced sponge layer at top of model, which now has enhanced diffusion at top 7 levels rather than top 3 levels.
Effect on output - Substantial reduction in overall noise, particularly at upper levels.
HYBFRONT (frstgues.f, rdpztd.f, hybanl.f) - Fixed bug in determination of of dew-point temperature, used to "virtualize" temperature for obs without moisture measurements, e.g., aircraft, buoys. More importantly, fixed bug regarding assignment of isobaric level for observations and forecast background errors, used in the optimal interpolation analysis.
Effect on output - significant. Aircraft and buoy temperature observations are now being used correctly (this error was introduced on 2 Jan). The level assignment error means that observations above 175 mb were being assigned unknown weights in the analysis. This error has been in all previous versions of MAPS and the Rapid Update Cycle.
HYBFRONT (guestim.f) - Order of first guess priority changed from 12h NCEP, 24h NCEP, 12h MAPS, 0h NCEP to 12h MAPS, 0h NCEP, 12h NCEP, 24h NCEP.
HYBFRONT (profin.f, hybhqc.f, hybanl.f, exsfcobs.f, mulcor.f, gtpirp.f, gtrass.f, writegg.f) - code was slightly altered to run without the "static" option during the compile, mostly filling variables with zeroes or flags.
Effect on output- minimal. The executable should run slightly faster and use memory more efficiently. A few minor bugs were also uncovered during this upgrade and corrected.
HYBCST (lwrad.f, swrad.f, soilsnow.f, tqsnow.f, hybcst.f soil123.f) - snow accumulation (from snow or graupel) and melting, ice/snow/graupel effects on radiation added. Also, energy balance of snow layer added.
Effect on output - significant. Large improvement in radiation at surface,
and minimal internal snow physics is now included for first time.
Now, snow depth and temperature fields are cycled in 40-km MAPS cycle.
With this change, snow fields are kept up-to-date according to MAPS forecast
snow accumulation and melting. Previously, the same snow could be remelted in
each 3-h cycle since the snow field was respecified at each 3-h time. Now,
the once-daily updated USAF snow analysis is used to update the 40-km MAPS
snow field only at 2100 UTC each day.
HYBFRONT (frstgues.f, hybanl.f, mapscon.f) - Change to pass through snow
temperature and depth. Change hybanl to add atmospheric
temperature increment at lowest
level to snow temperature as well as soil temperature at top level.
HYBCST_PRE (inithybv_pre.f, modelin.f, getbc.f) - Read in snow depth/temp
from analysis field. Set to read daily USAF snow analysis only at 2100 UTC
each day or if snow fields are missing from MAPS/RUC analysis. This means that
snow is cycled via MAPS/RUC accumulation/melting between updates from USAF
analysis. Also, set ice cover over all of Hudson Bay and Manitoba/Saskatchewan
lakes according to ice cover from USAF analysis at point in Hudson Bay.
HYBPOST (mapsout.f) - Write out snow temperature (actually, temperature at
atmosphere/surface interface, whether it is snow or top soil level), for snow
depth/temperature cycling.
Effect on output - moderate at surface. Keep more up-to-date snow field
during 24-h cycle.
HYBCST_PRE (inithybv_pre.f) - Fix error introduced yesterday so that
surface parameters are set properly for snow cover areas regardless of
time of day.
HYBPOST (mapsout_post.f) - Write out snow accumulation field properly
to NetCDF (was previously working for GRIB but not NetCDF).
Effect on output - snow melt was too excessive for runs in last 21 hours.
HYBCST (exmoisg.f) - Limit fall velocity of rain and graupel to 5 m/s.
The intent is to keep the size of precipitation time step from getting too
small in intense precip episodes.
Effect on output - minimal.
HYBCST_PRE (inithybv_pre.f) - Fixes for snow and ice cover. The code
now identifies missing data holes in USAF snow cover analysis and fills
them in with surrounding data. There were 55 grid points with this problem
at 1800 UTC 1/29/97, mostly around the Great Lakes, James Bay, and the
Manitoba lakes. This problem has been present since the 40km MAPS started
using the USAF analysis in spring 1996. Also, a change was made to ensure
using proper ice cover data, fixing a bug introduced two days ago.
Effect on output - considerable at the "missing snow" points in the
regions described above for low-level temperatures.
Explicit cloud microphysics and snow physics added, upper-level
sponge fixed/enhanced
HYBPOST (post_it script) - Change so that SOILSAVE file will be written
properly.
Effect on output - improvement in surface temperature when cold start
occurs.
HYBCST_PRE (inithybv_pre.f) - Fixes to snow cycling code.
Effect on output - some improvement in surface temperature due to proper
setting of snow temp from background.
HYBFRONT, HYBPOST (hybint.f) - Correction to 3-h pressure tendency,
addition of temperature and specific humidity as output files for surface
grids.
Effect on output - 3-h pressure tendency is now correct (decreased by
factor of 3)
Fixes to snow cycling and SOILSAVE file
HYBFRONT (rejctlst.dat) -
Modified aircraft tail number reject list to include same aircraft
as those used in 60km list, plus a few other aircraft with certain
errors in reports.
Effect on output - Should reduce possibility of bad aircraft
reports getting into 40km MAPS.
HYBCST (lwrad.f, swrad.f, inithybv.f, exmoisg.f, oafcprms.f) -
Corrections to radiation: removed background value of snow, ice, and
graupel in longwave radiation. Set proper thicknesses of layers
consistent with MM5 vertical staggering. (Minor changes - created
CONFLX_P for constant flux layer, and removed STOPs in exmoisg.f)
Effect on output - Removes longwave warm bias, especially near
tropopause.
HYBCST (lwrad.f, swrad.f) -
Fix to layer depth at lowest level.
Effect on output - Very small, except at sfc layer.
HYBCST_PRE (getsnow.f, inithybv_pre.f) -
Set to only update snow cover with NCEP/USAF snow cover data
only if data valid for current date is present. This can only
occur at 2100 UTC. The NCEP/USAF snow data has been missing
since 3 March 1997, and MAPS had been erroneously updating with
the 3 March snow field every day since then. Now, the MAPS
snow fields, which had already been cycling internally using
explicit snow accumulation and snow melting over 24-h periods,
will be allowed to continue to cycle internally until up-to-date
snow data from NCEP becomes available again.
Effect on output - Could be significant at low levels;
now snow fields will be more accurate.
HYBCST_PRE (getsnow.f, inithybv_pre.f) -
Now reads in ice data from NCEP/USAF snow file, even if that file
is not current. Snow fields continue to cycle internally over
multi-day periods in MAPS
if no current NCEP/USAF data is available.
Effect on output - Allow ice-covered areas to have more
accurate (colder) temperatures near surface - most apparent over
Hudson Bay.
new_file, post_it scripts for HYBPOST -
Modified so that HYBPOST post-processing on model output file
is done, even if file is being written out when cron initiation
is performed.
Effect on output - Will give more consistent 3-h cycle.
A number of 3-h forecasts have not been post-processed, so the
effect of this change is quite significant.
HYBCST_PRE (inithybv_pre.f, getveg.f) -
Two major changes - Now using vegetation (greenness) fraction
from NESDIS global 0.144 degree 5-year average. This file was
provided via NCEP (Ken Mitchell) and originally developed by
Garik Gutman. Also, it was discovered that the hydrometeor
mixing ratios had been getting zeroed out, meaning that, in fact,
these fields were not being cycled from one run to the next.
This was corrected so that the cycling will now occur.
Effect on output - Vegetation fraction - should improve
temperature/moisture forecasts near ground in general, since
NESDIS values tend to be somewhat higher, especially in summer.
The NESDIS values are certainly more horizontally detailed, also,
so more local effects may show up. The previous climatological
vegetation fraction field was taken from a 1 degree data set.
Cloud cycling - Since the microphysics was implemented in January,
the precipitation fields from the 40-km MAPS have been too low
and a spin-up effect has been apparent in comparing 3-h vs. 12-h
forecasts. This fix will have a substantial impact on precipitation
forecasts overall.
HYBCST_CODE (esatpb.f, hoskeep.f, navypb.f, navypbl.f, parambt.f,
parbt.f, presimila.f, svp.f, uvcomp.f, hybcst.f, hybcstdv.f, inithybv.f, panpbl1.f,
paramx.f, simila1.f, simila2.f, vilka.f) - Implemented Burk-Thompson explicit
turbulence scheme (Burk and Thompson, 1989, Mon. Wea. Rev.). MAPS/RUC model now
has turbulence kinetic energy as an additional prognostic variable.
This replaces the previous Mellor-Yamada level-2.0 scheme with the level-3.0
BT scheme. The surface layer is still prescribed by Monin-Obukhov similarity
theory, as described in Pan et al. (1994, Mon. Wea. Rev.).
HYBPOST (hybcstdv_post.f, mapsout_post.f) - Changed to add output of TKE.
Effect on output - Now have explicit TKE forecast for the first time in
MAPS/RUC. Maxima of TKE show up frequently in frontal zones, consistent with
previous tests of the Burk-Thompson scheme in isentropic coordinates.
Tests have also shown higher TKE values (5-20 m**2/s**2) in boundary layer.
Winds at the surface tend to be slightly higher than with the previous
Pan/Mellor-Yamada level 2.0 turbulence scheme.
HYBPOST (mapsout_post.f, capcin.f) -
Fixed SOILSAVE so that boundary values are valid. Also,
fixed calculation of CAPE to start from level of free convection
up rather than from cloud top down to max moist energy level.
Effect on output - Diagnostics only. CAPE is now smaller
in some regions, and SOILSAVE will work when needed.
HYBFRONT, HYBCST - topoenvl.dat.
Switched from full envelope topography to slope envelope topography
conceived by John Brown. Also, corrected offset error in topography.
The topo is also calculated from 4x4 fine terrain points, rather than
5x5 overlapping fine terrain boxes.
The slope envelope (or "Brown envelope") gives lower values in high
terrain regions, but also places slopes more accurately and often
with larger gradients.
Effect on output - Some topographically induced circulations
will be different. Surface fields (forecasts and analyses) are
more accurate, and the amount of extrapolation of surface temperatures
and dewpoint obs is decreased since the slope envelope topo is closer
to the actual elevation of most surface stations.
HYBFRONT, HYBCST - topomini.dat.
Also now uses values from 4x4 fine terrain boxes rather than overlapping
5x5 boxes, and location offset is also corrected.
Effect on output - Diagnostics only. Slightly more accurate
surface temperatures in surface grids interpolated to topomini elevation.
HYBCST (cup.f) -
Latent heat limit for convective precip
changed from 7.2 K / hr to 1.4 K / hr. Also,
maximum cloud base raised from level 27 to level 31 (out of 40 levels).
Effect on output - Latent heat limit decreases convective precip
blow-ups. Cloud base change will allow more high base convection over
high-elevation regions.
HYBCST (navypb.f soil123.f, soilsnow.f) -
Roughness length over ocean now passed in from SIMILA rather than
using NAVYPB value. Approximation for semi-implicit treatment of net
radiation flux in sfc budget is changed.
Effect on output - Wind speeds over ocean slightly reduced.
HYBFRONT (hybanl.f, hybint.f), HYBCST (exmoisg.f), HYBPOST (hybint.f) -
HYBFRONT - added univariate update for surface height (pressure) analysis
after multivariate (height/wind) analysis. Latent heating limit increased
up to 2.8 K/hr. Diagnosis of sfc dewpoint temp and dewpoint depression
in sfc analysis/forecasts (hybint.f in HYBFRONT and HYBPOST).
Effect on output - Sfc pressure/SLP now draws for obs slightly more
closely. Heavy precip slightly enhanced. Dewpoint and dewpoint depression
values more accurate.
HYBCST (soil123.f, soilsnow.f), - Approximation for semi-implicit
treatment of net radiation flux in sfc budget is back to the old version
because the new one increased the warm bias. In SOILSNOW the transpiration
is now possible and is calculated in correspondence with the vegetation
fraction in this area, that is changed from day to day.
Effect on output - the warm bias of surface temperature is slightly
reduced.
HYBPOST (mapsout_post.f) -
Added snow depth to SOILSAVE file, since we haven't had any USAF snow
analyses since early March, and we need to ensure that the latest snow
depth field cycled through MAPS is available even in the event of a cold
start.
Effect on output - None unless a cold start occurs, in which case
the snow field now will be fairly realistic.
HYBCST (inithybv.f, sfctmp.f) -
In the grid points with snow ALB is set to 0.7 and SIGF is not zeroed
out any longer so that the transpiration can happen in snow areas.
Effect on output - the snow melting rate is expected to be smaller.
HYBCST (soilsnow.f) -
Correction is done in calculation of canopy water DD1 in the snow areas.
Effect on output - very small because in the snow areas the vegetation
fraction is very close to zero, but the evaporation of moisture from the canopy
should work correctly now.
HYBCST (soiveg.f, soilvegin1.f, soilvegin2.f, soil123.f, soilsnow.f) -
The variable name of volumetric heat capacity of water is changed from CW to CVW
to avoid variable name collisions with microphysics. In soil123.f and soilsnow.f
the heat contribution of falling rain into surface energy budget is divided
by 1000, because the specific heat capacity of water should be used rather
than volumetric heat capacity that was in CW variable.
Effect on output - The rate of snow melting is expected to be reduced in the
grid points where the liquid precipitation is falling on the snow.
HYBFRONT (frstgues.f) -
Added snow depth to read of SOILSAVE file. Now, the code is fully
prepared for a cold start to provide a realistic snow field.
Code also set so that if ground temperature or snow depth in SOILSAVE
are not reasonable values, then do not run HYBFRONT.
Effect on output - None unless a cold start occurs, in which case
the snow field now will be fairly realistic.
HYBCST (tqcan.f,tqsnow.f) -
Switch to Schaake/Koren expression for calculation of maximum infiltration
rate.
Effect on output - Surface runoff is expected to increase and be more
realistic.
HYBCST (hybcstdv.f,hybcst.f,cuparth.f,exmoisg.f,lwrad.f,nconv.f,
point2d.f,swrad.f) -
Changes to all these files are connected with addition of new fields
and new include file MOLTS to provide all necessary information
for GCIP project output. Also, the bug in computation of instantaneous
precipitation rate (PRECIN) is fixed. In the microphysics code (exmoisg.f)
th correction of precipitation rates computed in loop 80 is done.
IF constructs are replaced with MAX and MIN functions where possible.
The sign error for the evaporation of rain when temperature is below 0C
is corrected.
Effect on output - The microphysics code is expected to run faster
and produce more realistic fields. Precipitation rate field PRECIN
is computed correctly now in the case when the frequency of calling
microphysics is not the same as the frequency of calling the rest of physics.
HYBPOST (hybcstdv.f) -
MOLTS include file is added, and MOLTS fields are added to the lists of
variables to be read in from HYBCST output.
Effect on output - All variables for MOLTS output are now available.
HYBFRONT (mapscon.f, frstgues.f, hybanl.f), HYBCST_PRE (soilvegin.f,
modelin.f), HYBCST (soilvegin1.f, soil123.f, soilsnow.f), HYBPOST
(soilvegin.f, mapsout_post.f) -
Add extra level to soil model at 3 m depth, giving 6 levels now.
Effect on output - Allows slightly stronger diurnal cycle in soil
temperature and improved long-range forecasts of soil temperature and
moisture in ongoing cycle.
HYBCST (soil123.f,soilsnow.f) -
Set rooting depth variable NROOT to 5 for mixed forests and broadleaf
deciduous forests, leaving NROOT=4 for the rest of the vegetation types.
Effect on output - Evapotranspiration in the forested areas is expected
to increase.
HYBFRONT (procob.f, srchsect.f, oafcprms.f) -
Changed observation selection: now, once the search algorithm finds
an on-level ob of any type (not just raob or profiler as previously),
it stops the search in that sector for that variable. Also, the algorithm
now searches for on-level obs first before off-level obs. Finally,
the volume over which each analysis solution is determined was changed
from a 4x4 to a 3x3 box to improve the fit. This costs a little more
CPU-wise, but the previous change improved the efficiency, so this set of changes
overall is neutral.
Effect on output - Smoother analysis increments, better conditioned
matrices, especially for high-resolution ascent/descent aircraft reports.
Also, closer fit to observations in analyses.
HYBCST (inithybv.f) -
Changed threshold of autoconversion from cloud water to rain water
(set in INITHYBV, used in EXMOISG) from 0.5E-3 to 0.1E-3. This done
on recommendation of R. Bruintjes - the larger threshold is more
appropriate for convective clouds.
Effect on output - Smaller cloud water mixing ratio, slightly
greater area coverage of precipitation, less delay between cloud
formation and precipitation in regions of strong upward motion.
Other predicted microphysics quantities are minimally affected.
HYBCST (cup.f) -
Eliminated criteria that number of levels between cloud parcel
source and level of free convection could be no more than 2.
This appeared to be artificially reducing the convective precipitation,
especially in the 40km version with finer sigma spacing.
Effect on output - Increase in precipitation in convective
areas. (Remember that with the Grell convective scheme, some of
the "convective" precipitation is produced as resolvable-scale,
so the field labeled convective precipitation is somewhat less
than what would typically be called "convective". This field
is more accurately called "sub-grid-scale" precipitation.)
HYBCST (oafcprms.f) -
Changed top of constant flux layer near surface from 10 m to
5 m. This means that the lowest level in the model is forecasting
for 5 m above the ground now.
Effect on output - More accurate temperatures and winds
near surface. Stronger diurnal cycle, cooler temps at night
and lighter winds.
HYBCST (cup.f) -
Added cap strength term. If negative temperature difference between
cloud parcel and environment exceeds 3 deg K, no convection
can occur. (Based on Carlson et al., 1980, Mon. Wea. Rev.,
and subsequent work by Marc Schwartz and Tom Graziano.)
Effect on output - Will cut off convection in areas with
significant "lid" or cap.
HYBCST (cup.f) -
Change maximum separation from cloud parcel source layer and
level of free convection from 150 to 350 mb to account for
high-based convection in a deep boundary layer.
Effect on output - Allows convection in deep PBL areas
with positive CAPE.
HYBCST_PRE (inithybv_pre.f) -
Temporarily eliminated any ice cover. No USAF snow/ice
analyses had been received since 3 March, and the 40-km
MAPS had been using the 3 March ice analysis up to this
change.
Effect on output - Eliminates cold bias near Hudson's Bay,
over Manitoba lakes, and near Labrador.
HYBCST (simila2.f) -
Changed calculation of u* so that denominator cannot go
below 1 regardless of roughness length and stability
function (PSIM).
Effect on output - Should eliminate unstable situations
in tropics in free convection regime, large roughness length,
and light wind speed.
As of this run, the 1-h cycle seems to be running successfully
for the first time. Since the SGI computer is at capacity, script
changes to run the 1-h cycle and keep different parts of it from
adversely affecting others were difficult, but these problems seem
to be mostly solved now. Because of limits in computer power, runs
may still be occasionally dropped.
The optimal filter initialization continues to be run for
about 35 minutes forward and backward in each 1-h cycle. This
initialization is important for producing 1-h forecasts that are
quiet enough to reanalyze with new data.
HYBING (pirepin1h.f) - The one code change necessary for the 1-h
cycle was to change the time window for aircraft data from 3-h
(-2 to +1) to 1-h (-1 to 0). All other code changes had been
previously incorporated in the 40-km MAPS design.
Effect on output - Should provide slightly more accurate
analyses, especially at surface.
Burk-Thompson explicit turbulence forecasts, 1-h cycle,
snow cycling, NESDIS vegetation fraction, slope envelope topography,
other surface changes, convection capping criteria, etc.
HYBCST (hybcstdv.f,hybcst.f) -
The frequency of output for GCIP project is not fixed now,
but defined by the frequency of MAPS output.
Effect on output - Averaged over time surface variables for
GCIP will be correct in 1h and 2h forecast outputs.
HYBCST (cup.f) -
Changes to convective parameterization. Minimum cloud base is
now at a lower level. Got rid of the 3 K cap term, switched back
to a 75 mb maximum depth between cloud base and the level of free
convection, changed variable to force more of cloud condensate into
precipitation and less into evaporation.
Effect on output - Considerably more sub-grid-scale precipitation.
HYBPOST (mapsout_post.f) -
Output for model output soundings.
Effect on output - None, other than that soundings data in BUFR will
soon be available.
MOLTSBUFR -
Started producing BUFR-packed model output soundings from 40km MAPS
runs for 469 locations.
Effect on output - None, new output format.
HYBCST (cup.f) -
Changes EDT variable for percentage of condensate into evaporation
from 0.25 to 0.20
Effect on output - Further slight enhancement to
sub-grid-scale precipitation.
HYBFRONT (hybanl.f hybhqc.f, exsfcobs.f) -
Fixed so that QC now runs for moisture variables. Since the introduction
of hybfront (7 Nov 96), there had been no QC on moisture variables. (yikes!)
Horizontal scale for moisture obs changed to same as that for other
observation types (had been smaller). Also, changed maximum
extrapolation pressure difference for surface temp/dewpoint
observations from 50 to 70 mb. Pressure and wind obs are always used,
regardless of extrapolation distance, and now about 90-92% of surface
temp/dewpoint obs west of ~108 W are also used (far better than the 60-km RUC or any
of the Eta runs).
Effect on output - Eliminates dewpoint problems at surface, and
probably will improve moisture and precipitation skill overall.
HYBCST (tqsnow.f,soilsnow.f) -
Snow model now includes the process of snow melting from the bottom of
snow layer.
Effect on output -
Warm temperatures will not appear any longer under the snow cover. Upper soil layer
will give its energy to melting of snow until its temperature cools off to OC if there is
enough snow to melt, or if it can stay above OC if the amount of snow is not enough.
HYBFRONT (hybanl.f) -
Added desmooth pass for winds and temperature near surface.
Effect on output -
Slightly closer fit to surface wind and temperature obs.
HYBFRONT (inithybv.f) -
Check for ice in Hudson bay will be done from November till June.
Effect on output -
No ice in the Hudson bay in summer time.
HYBFRONT (hybanl.f) -
Fixed bug resulting from 2 June changes, in which hybfront started
to perform QC for moisture obs.
In this change, changed NVAR_SRCH_ALL variable from 5 to 6, which means that
v components will be used in analysis. v components now will be used again.
Effect on output -
Very large. Statistics have been way off since the 2 June change.
HYBCST (navypb.f) -
The specific humidity at the ocean surface is now
equal to saturation value.
Effect on output -
Substantial moistening of surface air over water surfaces.
HYBFRONT (hybanl.f, uvpw.f, hybpw.f, readpw.f, readgoes.f, readgps.f) -
Introduced GOES total precipitable water estimates into MAPS. These data
are ftp'd from the University of Wisconsin, courtesy of
CIMSS (Cooperative Institute for
Meteorological Satellite Studies --
Tim Schmit,
Bob Aune, Paul Menzel). Values with sample of size of 9 or greater out of 25 possible
are used, and only where the MAPS surface pressure is greater than 950 mb.
A univariate analysis of precipitable water (PW) is done to correct the MAPS
first guess PW field, and the entire column of water vapor mixing ratio values
is corrected according to the change suggested by the GOES data. Further
adjustments are made to avoid supersaturation at any points.
Effect on output -
The GOES data seems to improve the overall moisture field over low-elevation land
areas, especially at non-raob times, and particularly over oceans.
HYBFRONT (hybanl.f), HYBCST_PRE (inithybv_pre.f, soilvegin.f), HYBPOST
(soilvegin.f) - Changed to read ASCII surface fixed fields in 22F6.2 format
instead of 151F6.2). Also, changed all ASCII field field file in fslparms.
Effect on output -
None
HYBFRONT (hybanl.f, frstgues.f), HYBCST_PRE (inithybv_pre.f, modelin.f),
HYBPOST (helic.f, writeout.f, hybcstdv_post.f, soilvegin.f, profout.f,
class0.f, class1.f, mapsout_post.f), HYBFRONT and HYBPOST (hb230mb.f, hb2p.f,
hb2mw.f, hb2frz.f, hybint.f) - Transfer to the new output format, GRIBTABLE
is modified, and variable names in CDL files are changed.
Effect on output -
New MOLTS output files, extra output files for implementation
of RUC at NCEP.
HYBCST (exmoisg.f,pmicrph.f paramr.f,point2d.f,sfctmp.f)
- Corrected a bug in the MOLTS diagnostic calculation of latent
heating by grid-scale condensation.
- Revised the calculation procedure for the microphysical process
describing the collection of ice crystals by rain to form graupel.
New procedure avoids both a potential underflow problem and a
sign error in this term for very small rain mixing ratios.
- Introduced sedimentation of cloud ice based on Eq 5 in
Heymsfield and Donner 1990, J. Atmos. Sci.
Effect on output -
Possible minor effect on surface temperature forecasts.
Effect on other microphysical variables and other aspects of model
performance: uncertain.
HYBFRONT (srchsect.f) - Corrected a bug that was preventing
the use of single-level data (surface or aircraft) at off levels.
Effect on output -
Significantly improves retention of information from single-level
obs and at least of surface forecasts. Surface data was previously
having virtually no effect on subsequent forecasts, since it was
only having an effect on a 2 mb deep layer, but not above.
HYBFRONT (hybanl.f, hybpw.f, hybsat.f, readpw.f, superobs.f,
readssmi.f, readcdw.f)
- Code added for including in MAPS/RUC analysis GOES cloud drift
winds and SSM/I precipitable water data. Normally, this data is
not available at FSL except in tests.
Effect on output -
None unless these new data types are present. Cloud drift winds are
only used over water areas in hybfront, so the main effects are
in winds near 900 mb and at 300-200 mb over ocean areas.
HYBCST (soil123.f, soilsnow.f) -
The number of levels in the root zone is increased from 4 to 5.
Effect on output -
Increase of evapotranspiration.
HYBCST (hybcst.f) -
Unstaggered surface winds for GCIP output are directly calculated
rather than get them out of UNSTAGUV routine.
Effect on output -
None while running on castle (FSL), but on CRAY (NCEP)
this change should fix the problem with running on
multiple proccesors.
Assimilation of satellite precipitable water and drift winds
(when available), new output (fixed GRIB variables, BUFR soundings),
other smaller fixes
HYBCST (exmoisg.f) -
Minor fix to EXMOISG to correctly compute the diameter of
ice particles.
Effect on output -
Minor, but allows execution on Cray at NCEP.
HYBCST (soil123.f,tqcan.f) -
Changed calculation of soil moisture in irrigated areas:
soil now cannot dry out below the 0.75 of field capacity value.
Effect on output -
Cooler skin temperature during the day, increased evaporation and
soil moisture in cultivated areas.
HYBCST (tqcan.f) -
Changed drying limit for irrigated areas from
0.75 to 0.5 of field capacity value.
Effect on output -
Reduced level of soil moisture in irrigated areas.
HYBCST (tqcan.f) -
Back to the old version of TQCAN with no exceptions of
soil moisture calculations in the land-use class - cultivations,
because the suggestion of using irrigation in these areas was
erroneous, at least for most part of this class.
Effect on output -
Soil moisture field is defined only by natural reasons without
artificial addition of water into soil anywhere.
HYBCST (soilsnow.f) -
The thickness of snow layer participating in energy budget
is limited by DELTSN=7.5cm, what is reasonable because
the largest thermal gradient below the snow surface is near
the top of the snow layer due to weak thermal diffusion within the
snow.
Effect on output -
When the cold season starts, snow temperature should be cooler and
more realistic in the areas with deep snow.
HYBNMC (hybnmc.f) -
Memory saving version - Changes made to reduce memory by using arrays
differently and using equivalences where possible. This is in
response to recent discovery that all RUC-II programs must use
less than 32 MW of memory on the NCEP Cray. This change reduces
memory from 36 MW to 31 MW, so this program is now clean with
regard to memory.
Effect on output -
None.
HYBCST_PRE (modelin.f) -
Set canopy water to at least zero value to allow cold starting from
SOILSAVE file.
Effect on output -
Allow restart to occur properly when restarting with Eta atmospheric
variables and SOILSAVE. Previously, values of -99999. were being
used for canopy water, causing a crash in hybcst in this situation.
Now the SOILSAVE safety net is intact again.
HYBFRONT, HYBPOST (writegg.f) -
A fix was made to the GRIB-writing routine to eliminate the writing
of a dummy array if either only 2-d or 3-d grids are being written.
Effect on output -
GRIB files with only 2-d or only 3-d grids are now more easily read.
HYBCST, HYBCST_PRE - memory-saving version -
HYBCST - (soilsnow.f, hybcstdv.f, navypb.f panpbl1.f, changtq.f, presimila.f,
exmoisg.f, hybcst.f, navypbl.f simila1.f, simila2.f, sfctmp.f, inithybv.f,
point3d.f, ueqn.f, veqn.f, pointbc.f, oafcprms.f)
HYBCST_PRE (oafcprms.f)
A variety of memory saving measures were made to reduce the memory
needed by hybcst to closer to the 32 MW allowed on the NCEP Cray for the RUC-II.
These measures included passing of arrays, eliminating unused arrays,
redimensioning arrays for the current application. These measures reduce
memory use in hybcst from 68 MW to 44 MW, so more is yet to come.
Effect on output -
None, as it should be.
HYBFRONT - memory-saving version -
(hybanl.f, hybpw.f, exsfcobs.f, hybfront.f, rdpztd.f, hybhqc.f, capcin.f,
tropwnd.f, frstgues.f, gtresids.f, hybint.f, hb2p.f, hb230mb.f, hb2mw.f,
hb2frz.f)
A variety of memory saving measures were made to reduce the memory
needed by hybfront to closer to the 32 MW allowed on the NCEP Cray for the RUC-II.
These measures included passing of arrays,
and changing processing to
avoid need for extra 3-d arrays. These measures reduce
memory use in hybfront from 79 MW to 39 MW, so more is yet to come.
Also, a significant
bug was found and corrected in the adjustment of all variables at the
top level. This bug has existed through the history of the hybrid-b analyses
in both RUC-I and RUC-II.
Finally, interpolation near the surface was set to start at level 4 rather
than level 3, to allow an extra level to match the surface obs more closely.
Effect on output -
None, except for the changes at the top of the analysis (significant) and
near the ground (minor).
HYBPOST - memory-saving version -
(hybcstdv_post.f mapsout_post.f, point3d.f)
Memory saving measures were implemented to reduce the memory
needed by hybpost to closer to the 32 MW allowed on the NCEP Cray for the RUC-II.
These measures included passing of arrays,
changing processing to
avoid need for extra 3-d arrays, and making common blocks unique to hybpost to
avoid unneeded storage. These measures reduce
memory use in hybfront from about 90 MW to about 40 MW, so more is yet to come.
Effect on output -
None.
GRIB output for analysis and forecast (grib.table)
- PDS parameters for GRIB corrected for MORDS output from 30mb layer
near surface. Also, increased number of significant digits for
specific humidity in this layer.
Effect on output -
None.
HYBCST (paramx.f, param.f, soilvegin2.f, inithybv.f, point2d.f,
hybcst.f, changtq.f, sfctmp.f, exmoisg.f) - memory-saving changes.
2-d arrays that are not used in the latest version of HYBCST are
removed. Two 3-D arrays that were used in vertical mixing before
incorporation of Burk-Tompson PBL scheme were removed (EXCHGH,EXCHGM).
3-D temperature tendency (EXITTEN) from EXMOISG is replaced by 2-D
TTEN, which is added to TA in CHANGTQ like all other microphysics
tendencies.
Effect on output -
None.
HYBFRONT (hybanl.f), HYBINT (new program w/ new driver - hybintdv.f)
- Memory saving version. Split off interpolation processing in hybint.f
into new program (HYBINT). Also, eliminated use of MAPS database software
for further reduction of memory. Now uses 30 MW.
Effect on output -
MAPS database observational files no longer being written out (.ira,.ipr,.ipi,
.isa, .ist). No effect on analysis grids.
HYBPOST, HYBFRONT (grib.table)
- Changed precision for vertical velocity, temperature, number
concentration for ice particles
to appropriate number
for GRIB output.
Effect on output - More appropriate precision for these
variables in GRIB files.
HYBCST - (exmoisg.f)
- Fixed bug for calculation of DIACE. This bug was introduced on
7 July 97.
Effect on output -
Should eliminate some occasional crashes of HYBCST and perhaps fix the
problem with temperatures at ~200 mb since the 7 July 97 fix.
HYBPOST - (mapsout_post.f)
- Started using HYBINT for interpolation as part of memory-saving
version.
Effect on output - None.
HYBPOST, HYBFRONT (grib.table)
Changed precision for instantaneous precipitation rate
from to appropriate number
for GRIB output.
Effect on output - Precip rate will now not be zero in GRIB files.
HYBPOST, HYBFRONT (grib.table)
Changed cloud variable precision to 0.001 g/kg from 0.01 g/kg
for GRIB output.
Effect on output - More precision in cloud variables in GRIB files.
HYBPOST - (makefile)
- Took out routines no longer needed now that HYBINT runs separately.
Reduced memory from from 40 MW to 25 MW. This change "realizes" the
memory saving made possible in the 16 Sept 97 HYBPOST change.
Effect on output - None.
HYBFRONT - (hybanl.f)
- Fixed call to TROPWND and CAPCIN so that pressure passed in is
in mb instead of Pa. Now hybfront produces reasonable tropopause
level fields and CAPE/CIN again.
Effect on output - Trop level field and CAPE/CIN fixed.
HYBCST - (makefile)
- Took flag for roundoff approximation after test showed that crash
resulted from use of this flag. Still keeping in IEEE flag. Hybcst
now runs a little slower.
Effect on output -
None.
HYBFRONT - (hybanl.f)
- Fix to serious bug in extrapolation at top level. This bug was
causing top level to have some major problems. Extrapolation
should occur when temp increment at top level is negative, not
positive. Sign error in extrapolation also corrected.
Effect on output - Improved results near top in model.
HYBCST - (changtq.f, exmoisg.f, hybcst.f, inithybv.f, point3d.f,
soil123.f, soilsnow.f)
- "B" arrays for microphysics variables are removed to save memory.
Effect on output - Very little change of maximum value in precipitation
fields without noticable change in spatial distribution of precipitation.
HYBCST - (cuparth.f, exmoisg.f, lwrad.f, swrad.f, hybcstdv.f)
- The calculation and output of four 3-D arrays needed for MOLTS
grids are removed from CRAY version to save memory.
Effect on output - None.
HYBCST - (nudgeth.f)
- Set a single vertical loop to save another 3-d array.
More memory saving
Effect on output - None
HYBCST - (exmoisg.f)
- Changes for vectorization of loops 15 and 30 on Cray.
Effect on output - None
HYBCST - (hybcstdv.f, ueqn.f veqn.f)
- Changes for memory saving. Equivalence of physics
tendency arrays and initialization arrays.
With this change, HYBCST is now about 29.8 MW on
the Cray at NCEP and all RUC-II programs are now under
the 32 MW limit. :)
Effect on output - None
HYBFRONT - (hybanl.f)
- Fix to prevent writing of gex3 at NCEP.
Effect on output - None.
Version released to CIMSS (u. Wisconsin).
HYBCST - (soil123.f,soilsnow.f)
- Bug is fixed in calculation of the transpiration rate.
Effect on output - increase of transpiration rate.
Will reduce hot, dry bias in MAPS sfc fcsts.
HYBFRONT - (hybanl.f, lcl.f, srinv.f)
- Changed to vectorizable calculation of condensation
pressure. In the process, improved accuracy of
PC calculation at top levels/dry conditions.
Also, improved vectorization of srinv.f
(minor difference in Cray speed here). All of these
changes are to improve Cray speed at NCEP.
Effect on output - Not very much. Will remove
slight tendency of dry air aloft to gradually become
more moist.
HYBCST - (soil123.f, soilsnow.f)
- Evaporation from the canopy is corrected for the case
when it is limited by the amount of water intercepted by
the canopy.
Effect on output - slightly reduced canopy evaporation.
HYBFRONT - (hybanl.f)
- Correction to smoothing of temperature increment from
multivariate height/u/v analysis. Was being done only
for level 1, but now is accomplished for all levels. Also,
now limits this temperature increment to +/- 4 K.
Effect on output - Eliminates a crash that occurred today
at 1800 UTC. In general, will give smoother temperature
increments.
HYBCST - (sfctmp.f, soil123.f, soilsnow.f)
- Cleaned-up version of these three routines in accordance
to NCEP's CRAY specialist advice.
Effect on output - None
HYBFRONT - (hybanl.f) -
Added quality control for bird contamination for VAD winds:
Effect on output - Will avoid bird contamination of
low-level wind fields via VAD winds, but will also throw
out some good winds.
HYBFRONT - (init.f, superobs.f) -
Fixes to eliminate occasional ill-conditioned matrices near
surface. Set SOAR coefficient for Z at lowest levels
to 0.60 instead of 0.50. Change superobbing distance
from 50 to 55 km.
Effect on output - Gets rid of most if not all
ill-conditioned matrices in analysis solution near
surface.
HYBCST - (navypb.f, simila1.f, simila2.f, paramx.f,
paramx_t.f, nudgeth.f, hybcst.f, panpbl1.f, presimila.f, SOILVEG) -
Changes done by Cray expert at NCEP are incorporated in
the FSL version.
Effect on output - None.
HYBPOST - (mapsout_post.f) -
Instanteneous fields of latent and sensible heat fluxes
for MORDS output are switched around, so that now they
are in the right places.
Effect on output - MORDS output is correct for instantaneous
latent and heat fluxes.
HYBPOST - (mapsout_post.f) -
Units of snow accumulation are changed from [m] to [kg/m**2]
to fit existing GRIB.TABLE.
Effect on output - MORDS output has snow accumulation in right units.
HYBCST_PRE - (inithybv_pre.f) -
Correction is done in the calculation of albedo for the last
quater of the year.
Effect on output - This correction fixed model crashes
beginning 1 November because of crazy albedo values.
HYBCST - (hybcst.f) -
Correction is done in the calculation of U10 and V10
used in GCIP output of momentum heat flux.
Effect on output - GCIP files have correct momentum
heat fluxes from now on.
HYBINT - (hybint.f, grib.table) -
Corrections to fields for RUC_SFC, including precip type.
Corrections also to GRIB precision.
Effect on output - Only on post-processing. Corrected
RH, vv precision, corrected categorical precip types.
HYBCST - (hybcst.f) -
Correction to instantaneous precipitation rate between
the physics time steps.
Effect on output - Only on post-processing.
Non-zero values in RUC_SFC output.
HYBCST - (cup.f) -
Moist feedback at cloud top changed so that scheme
tries to saturate toward ice-saturation water vapor
mixing ratio rather than that for water-saturation.
The variable Tcrit was changed from 50K (total water
saturation) to 258K (ice saturation below -15 deg C).
Effect on output - Much less noise near cloud top
in convective areas. Corrected occasional crashes in
RUC-2 at NCEP.
HYBCST - (exmoisg.f) -
Changes to microphysics (John Brown)
Effect on output - Less graupel.
HYBCST - (simila2.f) -
The stability function under stable conditions is limited by -10.
This change will allow some turbulent mixing even in stable atmosphere.
Effect on output - Warm bias at night near the surface is reduced.
HYBCST - (cup.f, navypb.f, hoskeep.f, uvcomp.f) -
CUP is returned back to version 15.1 to avoid afternoon crashes in the
mountain areas. Old version of CUP allowed to run 1-h cycle beginning
at 1800 UTC for the test-case without crash in initialization at 2100 UTC.
The routines of Burk-Thompson PBL are switched to the vectorized versions
which give identical results with the old versions. The signs of stability
functions (PSIM and PSIH) are changed into the opposite in the calculations
of temperature and moisture variances in the surface layer.
Effect on output - Reduced noise in the wind field at the top of PBL
in the mountain areas from CUP change. Very little change of wind and temperature
near the surface from PSIM and PSIH change.
HYBFRONT - (hybanl.f) -
Commented out adjustment after univariate potential temperature analysis
to eliminate any superadiabatic lapse rates from level 4 upward in analysis.
The model forecasts using the Burk-Thompson mixing have a very weak
superadiabatic lapse rate up to near the top of the mixed layer, and the
analysis adjustment was causing fairly large pressure gradient changes
and very large vertical movements of upper mixed layer levels that happened
to be above the sigma levels in the hybrid MAPS levels at that point.
Effect on output - Eliminated crashes in RUC2 at NCEP and occasional
crashes on afternoon runs. Smoother height fields at analysis time and
quieter forecasts.
HYBFRONT - (getboy.f) -
Index change to flag output array was inadvertantly included in 23 March
relink of hybfront, causing no METAR data during this period due to array
being overwritten with flags in getboy.
Effect on output - METARS are once again flowing into the system.
HYBCST - (soil123.f, soilsnow.f, tqcan.f, tqsnow.f,
soilveg.f(include file)) -
A version with frozen soil physics.
Effect on output - Surface temperatures are cooler when
the melting process of soil moisture takes place, and warmer
when freezing begins. Surface runoff
is slightly increased in the areas with frozen soil.
HYBCST_PRE - (soilvegin.f) -
Soil parameters are changed according to Pielke and
Dickinson.
Effect on output - Very little.
HYBPOST,HYBFRONT - (capcin.f) -
CAPE calculation changed to look for cloud top from top down
rather than from bottom up. This gets rid of a problem in which
the diagnosed CAPE value was near zero when there was a very slight
negative buoyancy layer just above the level of free convection.
Effect on output - Increases CAPE diagnostic in from near zero
to much higher amount in some areas, but has no effect on actual
analyses and forecasts.
HYBCST - (simila2.f) -
The value of ZMUS is changed from 0.85e-3 to 0.2e-3.
Effect on output - Increase of evaporation.
HYBPOST,HYBFRONT - (capcin.f,hybanl.f) -
Major revision of CAPE/CIN calculations based on discussions
with Storm Prediction Center (Phillip Bothwell, John Hart).
CIN values are now lower and somewhat improved over previous
values. Also, CIN now shows up in MAPS40 analyses on web
site due to a change in sign.
Effect on output - Improved CIN values, slightly lower
CAPE values, possibly larger changes in some situations.
HYBINT - (hybint.f) -
Output surface RH to MAPS_SFC file.
Effect on output - None.
HYBCST - (soil123.f, soilsnow.f, tqcan.f, tqsnow.f) -
More accurate calculation of canopy water and runoff for the
regime of dew formation.
Effect on output - Improved ratio between evaporation and
runoff.
HYBFRONT, HYBPOST - (tropwnd.f) -
Correction to tropopause level calculation.
Effect on output - Smoother tropopause pressure and tropopause
fields in some areas.
HYBCST_PRE - (soilvegin.f) -
Change of wilting point value in clay soil regions back to
lower value. This will reduce excessive high temperatures in
much of Texas and Louisiana and Arkansas.
Effect on output - Reduced high temps in these regions.
HYBFRONT - (profin.f) -
Correction to treatment of RASS temperatures. This fix
eliminates a major bug in use of RASS temps whereby all
stations were being assigned the data from a single station.
Since RASS usually does not compete with other data sources,
these bad data were usually accepted.
Effect on output - Eliminates errors along northern CA
and OR coast where analysis had been putting in horrendous
low-level lapse rates, huge CAPEs, resulting in lots of
erroneous convective precipitation.
HYBFRONT - gtrass.f, readpw.f, gti4tm.f, mkfnam.f, readcdw.f, getcdw.f,
hybsat.f
Cleaned up rass ingest a bit, changed number of sample size back to 4
for satellite PW to be used (old readpw had somehow gotten into last relink),
fixed 2 Y2K bugs in routines that convert between character time (YYDDDHHMM)
and i4 (time in seconds since 1960) time, and set up the ingest routines to
read the cloud-drift wind data on /public/data when the script is changed
to find them.
Effect on output - GOES PW once again going into analysis in numbers,
other changes should have no immediate effect.
HYBCST - simila2.f, navypb.f
Cleaned up versions of SIMILA2 and NAVYPB.
Effect on output - none
HYBCST - soil123.f, soilsnow.f,tqcan.f, tqsnow.f, sfctmp.f,
hybcstdv.f, point2d.f, makefile; HYBPOST - hybcstdv_post.f,
mapsout_post.f
Some clean-up of soil model. Other changes are connected with the
producing correct output of net long- and shortwave radiation at the
surface. The list of 2D variables that are passed from HYBCST to HYBPOST
is updated: RNET is replaced by new array GLWNET (net longwave radiation,
which is defined in SFCTMP routine),
and GSW (net shortwave radiation) is added to the list.
Effect on output - Output has now right fields of net long- and
shortwave radiation at the surface.
HYBFRONT - superobs.f
Changes order of ob preference by ob type so
that sfc data would be preferred over profiler data.
This is because sfc obs are usually more complete in
that they contain moisture information.
Effect on output - Closer fitting to sfc obs
in analysis near profiler stations.
HYBFRONT - uv.f, init.f
Reduce effect of theta separation and increase
effect of horizontal separation in surface analysis.
The theta difference was overdominant in the fitting
of sfc obs in the sfc analysis.
Effect on output - Closer fitting to sfc obs
in analysis
HYBCST - cup.f
Set minimum level for maximum moist static energy
parcel in a column to level 3 (previously level 1).
This is done to reduce an unrealistic feedback between
the convective precip and the surface fluxes.
Effect on output - Reduction in convective precip,
esp. over warm water.
HYBCST - PARAME
Set number of processes equal to 9.
Effect on output - None
HYBCST - lwrad.f, swrad.f
Eliminate extra layer of high water vapor from
top RUC level (~50-70 mb) to 0 mb in water vapor
path length for both longwave and shortwave radiation.
Effect on output - Major improvement in diurnal
cycle near the surface. Improvement evident in
temperatures at surface and in 850 mb temperature bias.
HYBFRONT - readcdw.f, hybsat.f
Fixed inconsistencies in cloud-drift wind ingest that
prevented us from using them for about a month.
Effect on output- should result in better wind analyses
and forecasts, especially over the oceans.
HYBNMC - hybnmc.f
Changed RH to mixing ratio conversion to be consistent
with Eta RH change made on 3 Nov 98. The Eta RH had been
with respect to water saturation, but NCEP changed it
(unannounced) to be with respect to ice at < -15 deg C
and a mixture for -15 - 0 C. Now the RH is limited to
no more than 50% at 200 mb and above also.
Effect on output - Eliminates massive ice cloud over
high levels.
HYBCST - soilvegin1.f, soil123.f, soilsnow.f,
tqcan.f, tqsnow.f, SOILVEG
The variables of soil model are revised:
1. common/task_soil/ is excluded from SOILVEG,
becuase its variables are local for soil model and
don't need initialization outside the soil
model routines SOIL123, SOILSNOW, TQCAN and TQSNOW.
2. The lists of variables passed between SOIL123 and TQCAN,
and SOILSNOW and TQSNOW are rivesed and reduced.
Effect on output - none
HYBNMC - hybnmc.f
Follow-up to 11/10/98 change. On 23 Dec 98, the
Eta RH was changed back to be with respect to water
only. Today's change makes the 40km MAPS at FSL
consistent with this. The RUC at NCEP has already
been fixed for this change. We've left in the
limitation of 50% for Eta RH at 200 mb and above.
Effect on output - For the past 5 days, the
40km MAPS has been too dry aloft.
HYBCST_PRE - soilvegin.f
One more change of soil parameters, closer to the old original
version. The soil should keep less moisture because of the reduction
of the wilting point.
Effect on output - The values of soil moisture in the root zone
should reduce in the areas with active transpiration.
HYBFRONT - 40km_upperair_run
Took the VAD winds out of the data ingest due to
unflagged bad data getting into the files. We will
monitor the situation and reverse this decision when we
have confidence in the data again.
Effect on output - Our wind verification should
improve especially in the lower to mid troposphere.
HYBCST_PRE (soilveg.f, linkInclude,scr), HYBCST (soilvegin1.f),
HYBPOST (linkInclude.scr), HYBCST_POST (soilvegin.f)
- 40km_upperair_run
Soil and vegetation parameters are moved to include files:
soilparm.f and vegparm.f in the include directory. This will
help to avoid mistakes connected with the change of parameters'
values. The parameters are passed from HYBCST_PRE to HYBCST, but
in HYBPOST they are set up again to diagnose some variables. Now
the changes should be done to include files, and HYBCST_PRE and
HYBCST should be recompiled.
Effect on output - Diagnostics of some variables in MORDS fields is
done right according to values of soil parameters used in computations.
HYBINT (hybint.f), topomini.f -
Error corrected for lapse rate near surface in reduction to
minimum topography. Error was causing isothermal lapse rate
to be used in all situations. Also, new topomini file substituted which
started w/ previous topomini and then adjusted values based on
METAR surface elevations.
Effect on output - Much improved surface temperature and dewpoint
verification.
vegfrac_nesdis.[month]
The NESDIS vegetation fraction fields used in the MAPS 40km
runs were inadvertently deleted sometime probably late in December 1998.
Since that time, the vegetation fraction has been set to a default
summer value, dependent on land use. This, in turn, has resulted in
too much evaporation and too little sensible heating and too high
soil moisture. Today, these files were restored.
Effect on output - The effect of the deletion over the past 50 days
has been to damp the diurnal cycle in MAPS and give too high dewpoints.
With the restoration of the NESDIS vegetation fraction files, the
soil moisture fields will gradually recover, but this will take a few
weeks.
HYBCST (parame.f)
4 processor version in preparation for parallel cycle.
Effect on output - None.
HYBCST (exmoisg.f, paramr.f, pmicrph.f)
exmoisg.f. (Changes from NCAR/RAP and John Brown).
Bugfix for 0-intercept for snow (loop 20).
Code cleanup.
New value of zero-intercept for Marshall-Palmer distribution
of rain drop size.
Cooper curve replaces Fletcher curve for ice nucleation.
Numerous other minor changes from NCAR/RAP.
Effect on output - Less overproduction of graupel at
temperatures near 0 deg C. Overall, somewhat less ice and
more supercooled liquid water.
HYBINT (hb2p.f)
Changed smoothing coefficients to more passes for winds
at all isobaric levels and more for temps at 200 and 150 mb.
Based on experiments which show that this will improve
verification for forecasts.
Effect on output - Smoother isobaric wind and upper-level
temp output.
HYBCST, (exmoisg.f, paramr.f, pmicrph.f)
Backed out microphysics changes made 20 February.
Effect on output - Avoid excessive graupel fallout over oceans.
Which was causing occasional NANs, and resultant crashes.
HYBCST, (cuparth.f), HYBPOST (soilvegin.f, mapsout_post.f),
MOLTSSITES (list of MOLTS stations)
In HYBCST correction is done to the calculation of convective
heating rate (DTCP) in CUPARTH.
In HYBPOST bugs are fixed in computations of total soil moisture
for GCIP output.
MOLTSSITES - 7 stations are added to the list of stations for GCIP
sounding output.
Effect on output - GCIP grids have correct soil moisture at separate
levels, and total moisture content in soil domain.
HYBCST, (paramx.f, soil123.f, soilsnow.f, tqsnow.f tqcan.f)
HYBCST_PRE (inithybv_pre.f)
Most of the changes are connected with the introduction of
two-layer snow model. Also changes are done to surface water balance
equation (gradient of total water content in the atmosphere
instead of gradient of liquid water), and to energy budget
equation (changed formulation of heating/cooling by liquid rain).
Effect on output - Improved temperatures over deep snow pack.
SOILSAVE
Soil moisture field is replaced by averaged between MAPS and RUC.
Effect on output - Reduced moist bias in the surface layer.
topomini.dat (fixed on 9 July in control, 14 June in parallel)
Error corrected with wrong elevation in central California
resulting from wrong elevation from Vacaville.
Effect on output - Eliminates "hot spot" near Sacramento in
sfc temps.
HYBFRONT (mulcor.f, mcinit.f, hybhqc.f, exhzcnup.f, makefile)
(castle parallel version at this time)
Awkward function and entry code in mulcor.f replaced by
subroutines for mulcor.f and mcinit.f. Also, vertical correlation
for theta now included in QC rechecking w/ stations removed
one at a time (exhzcnup.f). By some omisssion, it was not there
previously, even though it was present in the first QC matrix check
in hybhqc.f
Effect on output - Very slight changes in QC. Code now
compiles on IBM SP with external checking option.
HYBCST_PRE (modelin.f)
(both control and parallel versions)
Convert canopy water from mm back to m, since hybcst uses
canopy water in m.
Effect on output - The fix of this error will significantly
change the evolution of soil moisture in MAPS runs. The error
was causing an overmoistening of the soil (as well as a less
harmful gross overprediction of sfc runoff).
HYBFRONT (exsfcobs.f) -
(both control and parallel versions)
Change most stable lapse rate from exact isothermal
to slightly non-zero lapse rate to avoid division by
zero.
Effect on output - This avoids future crashes, but we are
not aware that it has caused a problem up to this time.
At least sfc data will now be properly included in the event
of a very stable lapse rate in the background field nearby;
previously it was not.
HYBFRONT (readgoes.f,capcin.f) -
(both control and parallel versions)
Eliminate out-of-range errors. When there were more
than 5000 GOES prec water obs, there was an error. Also,
an error in capcin was also eliminated.
Effect on output - Avoid crazy sfc wind fields that
were showing up intermittently in MAPS.
soilsave.dat
(control version, parallel soil fields taken
from control soil fields at 1500 UTC, 4 Aug 1999)
Restart soil moisture and temperature with new file
reconstituted from 3 parts RUC, 1 part MAPS. This
Betty Crocker-like recipe was estimated from the relative
errors judged in both RUC (too dry, due to canopy water
precision problems in GRIB, soon to be fixed) and MAPS
(quite a bit too moist, due to canopy m/mm problem
fixed on 31 July).
Effect on output - Decrease cool, moist bias during
day and overdone precipitation.
HYBCST (tqcan.f, tqsnow.f)
'IF' statement is added to the calculation of infiltration
rate in Shaake-Koren' runoff scheme to avoid possible division by 0.
Effect on output - None
HYBCST_PRE (inithybv_pre.f, soilvegin.f, param.f),
HYBCST (param.f, inithybv.f, soilvegin1.f, soilvegin2.f, soilsnow.f,
soil123.f, navypb.f) and new include file, vegparm.f.
Changed for new vegetation types and cleaned up code.
Effect on output - Improvements in temperatures, mostly at
night.
HYBINT, HYBPOST, HYBFRONT (calvis.f, hybint.f, capcin.f,
mapsout_post.f, hybanl.f)
Added 3 new output variables, pressure of theta-e max parcel,
convective cloud top height, and equilibrium level height.
Effect on output - three new variables to look at.
HYBCST_PRE (inithybv.f), vegtype_40km.dat, soiltex_40km.dat
Vegetation types smoothed- single point types were eliminated,
soil texture file now includes Lake Nipigon, ONT, and the Great
Salt Lake, UT.
Effect on output - Surface temperatures should be more
representative at these points.
HYBINT (hybint.f)
Fixed error with 3h pressure tendency
HYBFRONT - rejctsfc.dat
Added KLBL (Liberal, KS) due to consistently too high
dew point temp.
HYBCST (swrad.f, lwrad.f)
removed extra division by dt for GCIP sw and lw
radiation heating rate.
Effect on output - corrected radiation for GCIP output,
no changes to regular fields.
HYBCST_PRE - (getbc.f inithybv_pre.f)
Fixed bug about MAPS runs nudging to wrong BC after 3h.
HYBFRONT - (mapscon.f)
Changed NSTA_P from 4000 to 6000 and MXST_P
from 5000 to 7000 to allow for more aircraft data.
HYBCST - (soilvegin1.f, navypb.f, simila1.f, simila2.f, hybcstdv.f)
MAVAIL is initialized in soilvegin1 to be higher than 0.00001.
Also MAVAIL is excluded from calculations of AKQS in simila2.f, and from
virtualization of surface temperature (TGBV) in both simila1 and simila2.
HYBCST - (hybcst.f, sfctmp.f, soilvegin1.f, soil123.f, soilsnow.f,
tqcan.f, tqsnow.f. ../include - soilveg.f)
Optimized computation of properties for unfrozen and frozen soils.
Algorithm for snow accumulating and snow melting is modified: snow
can be intercepted by the canopy until the saturation value is reached.
Infiltration into soil for vegetated areas consists only of
snow melt. Several non-substantial changes in diagnostic computation
of evaporation components.
Effect on output - more realistic simulation of snow accumulation
in snow-covered areas with non-zero vegetation fraction.
HYBFRONT - (getvad.f, 40km_oper_upperair)
Re-instituted the VAD wind ingest in the analysis with a
check for light winds. If the winds are too light, they are
deemed untrustworthy and discarded.
Effect on output - better wind analyses.
HYBCST - (new ppp version - see parallel cycle log).
Effect on output - pervasive on all fields.
Again, see para log.
HYBCST - (same change as in para cycle).
HYBCST - (cup_forcing.F,
same change as in para cycle).
HYBCST - (SOILVEG, SOILPARM (new),
soilvegin1.F, soilsnow.F soil123.F)
Reinstate smoothing of bulk Richardson number
FG from control copied over.
Use new OAFCPRMS with correct nseg_p in
both hybcst_pre and hybcst.
`########################## END OF HTML INFORMATION ##############`
26 January 1997 - 1500 UTC run - snow depth/temperature cycling
27 January 1997 - 1800 UTC run
28 January 1997 - 2100 UTC run
29 January 1997 - 2100 UTC run
Version 11.1 - 3 February 1997
13 February 1997 - 1800 UTC run
14 February 1997 - 1800 UTC run
20 February 1997 - 1500 UTC run
Version 12.1 - 20 February 1997
22 February 1997 - 1800 UTC run
24 February 1997 - 0000 UTC run
24 February 1997 - 1800 UTC run
12 March 1997 - 0000 UTC run
14 March 1997 - 2100 UTC run
18 March 1997 - 1800 UTC run
18 March 1997 - 2100 UTC run
21 March 1997 - 1800 UTC run - Burk-Thompson explicit turbulence scheme
31 March 1997 - 1800 UTC run
1 April 1997 - 0300 UTC run
1 April 1997 - 1800 UTC run
2 April 1997 - 1800 UTC run
4 April 1997 - 1500 UTC run
5 April 1997 - 0000 UTC run
7 April 1997 - 1500 UTC run
7 April 1997 - 1800 UTC run
10 April 1997 - 1800 UTC run
14 April 1997 - 1800 UTC run
15 April 1997 - 0600 UTC run
16 April 1997 - 1200 UTC run
16 April 1997 - 1800 UTC run
25 April 1997 - 1500 UTC run
25 April 1997 - 1500 UTC run
30 April 1997 - 2100 UTC run
1 May 1997 - 2100 UTC run
5 May 1997 - 2100 UTC run
6 May 1997 - 1500 UTC run
7 May 1997 - 0900 UTC run
7 May 1997 - 1500 UTC run
12 May 1997 - 2100 UTC run
15 May 1997 - 1800 UTC run
16 May 1997 - 0000 UTC run
16 May 1997 - 0000 UTC run
1-h cycle
Version 13.1 - 19 May 1997
20 May 1997 - 1500 UTC run
28 May 1997 - 1200 UTC run
31 May 1997 - 0000 UTC run
2 June 1997 - 0300 UTC run
2 June 1997 - 1800 UTC run
3 June 1997 - 1500 UTC run
3 June 1997 - 1600 UTC run
3 June 1997 - 1600 UTC run
6 June 1997 - 0900 UTC run
11 June 1997 - 1900 UTC run
11 June 1997 - 2100 UTC run
13 June 1997 - 1900 UTC run
17 June 1997 - 1800 UTC run
24 June 1997 - 1500 UTC run
26 June 1997 - 2100 UTC run
27 June 1997 - 1500 UTC run
27 June 1997 - 2100 UTC run
30 June 1997 - 2000 UTC run
Version 14.1 - 1 July 1997
8 July 1997 - 2100 UTC run
14 July 1997 - 2000 UTC run
18 July 1997 - 1300 UTC run
21 July 1997 - 1300 UTC run
5 August 1997 - 1300 UTC run
21 August 1997 - 1200 UTC run
1 September 1997 - 1800 UTC run
5 September 1997 - 1200 UTC run
5 September 1997 - 1800 UTC run
6 September 1997 - 1500 UTC run
7 September 1997 - 2100 UTC run
8 September 1997 - 2100 UTC run
10 September 1997 - 1500 UTC run
10 September 1997 - 2100 UTC run
15 September 1997 - 1500 UTC run
15 September 1997 - 2100 UTC run
16 September 1997 - 2100 UTC run
17 September 1997 - 1800 UTC run
17 September 1997 - 2100 UTC run
18 September 1997 - 1200 UTC run
18 September 1997 - 1500 UTC run
18 September 1997 - 1500 UTC run
19 September 1997 - 1500 UTC run
19 September 1997 - 1500 UTC run
19 September 1997 - 2100 UTC run
20 September 1997 - 1200 UTC run
20 September 1997 - 1200 UTC run
23 September 1997 - 1800 UTC run
24 September 1997 - 2100 UTC run
Version 15.1 - 1 October 1997
3 October 1997 - 1400 UTC run
9 October 1997 - 2300 UTC run
15 October 1997 - 1400 UTC run
20 October 1997 - 2200 UTC run
21 October 1997 - 1800 UTC run
24 October 1997 - 1300 UTC run
>> Flag VAD winds under following conditions:
>> 15 Feb-15 Jun - pos. v component
>> 15 Aug-15 Nov - neg. v component
>> temp > -2 deg C
>> night time (local zenith angle less than 0)
27 October 1997 - 0400 UTC run
27 October 1997 - 2100 UTC run
29 October 1997 - 1800 UTC run
29 October 1997 - 2100 UTC run
3 November 1997 - 1200 UTC run
7 November 1997 - 2100 UTC run
19 November 1997 - 2200 UTC run
20 November 1997 - 2100 UTC run
20 January 1998 - 0300 UTC run
21 January 1998 - 0300 UTC run
4 February 1998 - 0000 UTC run
18 March 1998 - 1800 UTC run
23 March 1998 - 0000 UTC run
1 April 1998 - 1800 UTC run
Changes from this point on are not in the original RUC-2 except for the
capcin.f change on 15 May in MAPS40 and on 10 June in RUC-2.
3 April 1998 - 2100 UTC run
8 April 1998 - 1900 UTC run
13 April 1998 - 2200 UTC run
12 May 1998 - 2100 UTC run
15 May 1998 - 1800 UTC run
28 May 1998 - 1500 UTC run
29 May 1998 - 1500 UTC run
29 May 1998 - 2100 UTC run
6 June 1998 - 1200 UTC run
Version 16.1 - 10 June 1998 - Changes from NCEP merged in, consistent
with RUC-2 code except for changes here since 1 April 1998.
25 June 1998 - 1900 UTC run
1 July 1998 - 1500 UTC run
24 July 1998 - 1500 UTC run
18 August 1998 - 2100 UTC run
13 Sept 1998 - 1400 UTC run
14 Sept 1998 - 0000 UTC run
19 Sept 1998 - 0300 UTC run
22 Sept 1998 - 2000 UTC run
30 Sept 1998 - 0000 UTC run
2 October 1998 - 1500 UTC run
10 November 1998 - 1200 UTC run
10 November 1998 - 1800 UTC run
28 December 1998 - 1300 UTC run
4 January 1999 - 1800 UTC run
15 January 1999 - 2100 UTC run
29 January 1999 - 2100 UTC run
9 February 1999 - 0000 UTC run
12 February 1999 - 1800 UTC run
19 February 1999 - 1800 UTC run
20 February 1999 - 2000 UTC run
20 February 1999 - 2200 UTC run
24 February 1999 - 1500 UTC run
11 March 1999 - 2100 UTC run
31 March 1999 - 1800 UTC run
8 June 1999 - 1800 UTC run
14 June 1999 - 1800 UTC run
26 June 1999 - 1800 UTC run
31 July 1999 - 1300 UTC run
2 August 1999 - 1800 UTC run
2 August 1999 - 1200 UTC run
3 August 1999 - 1200 UTC run
18 August 1999 - 1800 UTC run
23 September 1999 - 1400 UTC run
28 September 1999 - 1500 UTC run
27 October 1999 - 1500 UTC run
19 November 1999 - 1800 UTC run
27 November 1999 - 2300 UTC run
17 December 1999 - 2100 UTC run
22 December 1999 - 1500 UTC run
23 February 2000 - 1500 UTC run
23 February 2000 - 1500 UTC run
4 April 2000 - 1500 UTC run
17 April 2000 - 2100 UTC run
26 May 2000 - 1500 UTC run
27 May 2000 - 1200 UTC run
1 Aug 2000 - 1800 UTC run
5 Aug 2000 - 1200 UTC run
Implement Johansen soil thermal conductivity.
Effect on output - slightly better diurnal cycle
in sfc temps - 0.1-0.2 at most times of day.
6 Oct 2000 - 1800 UTC - HYBCST (panpbl1.F),
HYBCST_PRE
This page prepared by Stan Benjamin
Last updated: 05 MAR 01